(External system of evaluation)
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
PAU, LUDHIANA
Pl. Path.-512 Detection and Management of Seed Borne Pathogens
Sem. II, 2022-23 Credit Hours: 2+1
Course outlines:
History and economic importance of seed pathology in seed industry, plant quarantine and SPS under WTO. Morphology and anatomy of typical monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous infected seeds. Recent advances in detection of plant pathogens in seed and seedlings, their establishment and subsequent development. Localization and mechanisms of seed transmission in relation to seed infection and seed to plant transmission of pathogens. Seed certification and tolerance limits, types of losses caused by seed-borne diseases in true and vegetatively propagated seeds, evolutionary adaptations of crop plants to defend seed invasion by seed- borne pathogens. Epidemiological factors influencing the transmission of seed-borne diseases, forecasting of epidemics through seed-borne infection. Production of toxic metabolites affecting seed quality and its impact on human, animal and plant health, management of seed-borne pathogens/ diseases and procedure for healthy seed production. Seed health testing, methods for detecting microorganism.
Theory:
|
Sr. no.
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Topic
|
No. of lectures
|
Name of teacher
|
|
Unit-I
|
|
1
|
History and economic importance of seed pathology
|
2
|
Parminder Singh
|
|
2
|
Plant quarantine and Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures under WTO
|
3
|
Sumit Aggarwal
|
|
3
|
Morphology and anatomy of typical monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous infected seeds
|
2
|
Sumit Aggarwal
|
|
Unit-II
|
|
4
|
Recent advances in detection of plant pathogens in seed and seedlings, their establishment and subsequent development
|
4
|
Parminder Singh
|
|
5
|
Localization and mechanisms of seed transmission in relation to seed infection
|
2
|
Sumit Aggarwal
|
|
6
|
Seed to plant transmission of pathogens
|
3
|
Parminder Singh
|
|
Unit-III
|
|
7
|
Seed certification and tolerance limits
|
2
|
Parminder Singh
|
|
8
|
Types of losses caused by seed-borne diseases in true and vegetatively propagated seeds
|
2
|
Sumit Aggarwal
|
|
9
|
Evolutionary adaptations of crop plants to defend seed invasion by seed-borne pathogens
|
2
|
Sumit Aggarwal
|
|
10
|
Epidemiological factors influencing the transmission of seed-borne diseases
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2
|
Parminder Singh
|
|
11
|
Forecasting of epidemics through seed-borne infection
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2
|
Parminder Singh
|
|
Unit-IV
|
|
12
|
Production of toxic metabolites affecting seed quality and its impact on human, animal and plant health
|
4
|
Sumit Aggarwal
|
|
13
|
Management of seed-borne pathogens/diseases
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2
|
Parminder Singh
|
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14
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Procedure for healthy seed production.
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2
|
Sumit Aggarwal
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| |
|
|
|
|
Practical:
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Sr. no.
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Topic
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No. of Practical(s)
|
|
1
|
Inspection of dry seed and seed wash technique for inspection of seed borne pathogens
|
1
|
|
2
|
Incubation methods to study seed borne pathogens
|
2
|
|
3
|
Seed health testing by 2,4 D method and deep freeze method
|
2
|
|
4
|
Embryo count method for detection of loose smut of wheat
|
2
|
|
5
|
Detection of seed borne bacteria by grow on test on rolled paper towel
|
1
|
|
6
|
Grow on test for detection of seed borne viruses
|
1
|
|
7
|
Detection of seed borne viruses by DAS- ELISA assay
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2
|
|
8
|
Indicator plant test for detection of seed borne viruses
|
1
|
|
9
|
PCR based detection of seed borne pathogens
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2
|
|
10
|
LAMP assay for detection of seed borne pathogens
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1
|
|
11
|
Seed inoculation techniques for pathogenicity test and host resistance studies
|
2
|
|
|
Total
|
17
|
Recommended Books:
- Paul Neergaard (1977). Seed Pathology. Volume I. Diseases of fruit crops. The Macmillan Press Ltd. London P.835.
- Singh, R.S. (2018) Plant Diseases (10th edition). Oxford & IBH Pub. New Delhi, P.821.
- Ravindra Kumar and Anuja Gupta (Eds.) (2020) Seed-Borne Diseases of Agricultural Crops: Detection, Diagnosis & Management. Springer Singapore P. 871.
- D. k. Jha (1993). A Text Book on Seed Pathology. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., India P. 132.
COURSE OUTLINE
PL PATH-517*!
DISEASES OF VEGETABLE AND SPICES CROPS
Credit Hours: 2+1
Theory
Objective: To impart knowledge about symptoms, epidemiology of different diseases of vegetables and spices and their management.
UNIT I: Nature, prevalence, factors affecting disease development of tuber, bulb, leafy vegetable, crucifers, cucurbits and solanaceaous vegetables. Diseases of crops under protected cultivation.
UNIT II: Symptoms and management of diseases of different root, tuber, bulb, leafy vegetables, crucifers,cucurbits and solanaceaous vegetable crops.
UNIT III: Symptoms, epidemiology and management of diseases of different spice crops such as black pepper,nutmeg, saffron, cumin, coriander, turmeric, fennel, fenugreek and ginger.
Biotechnological approachesin developing disease resistant transgenics.
Practical
Detailed study of symptoms and host pathogen interaction of important diseases of vegetable and spicecrops.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
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Sr. No.
|
Topic
|
No. of Lectures
|
|
1
|
Symptomatology, etiology and epidemiology of diseases ofroot, tuber, solanaceous and bulb crops
|
4
|
|
2
|
Symptomatology, etiology and epidemiology of diseases of cucurbits
|
3
|
|
3
|
Symptomatology, etiology and epidemiology of diseases of leafy vegetables
|
2
|
|
4
|
Symptomatology, etiology and epidemiology of diseases of crucifers
|
3
|
|
5
|
Diseases of crops under protected cultivation
|
3
|
|
6
|
Symptomatology, etiology and epidemiology of diseases of black pepper, cumin and coriander
|
3
|
|
7
|
Symptomatology, etiology and epidemiology of diseases of turmeric and ginger
|
3
|
|
8
|
Symptomatology, etiology and epidemiology of diseases of fennel and fenugreek
|
3
|
|
9
|
Symptomatology, etiology and epidemiology of diseases of nutmeg and saffron
|
2
|
|
10
|
Biotechnological approaches in developing disease resistant transgenics
|
2
|
Practical
|
Sr. No.
|
Topic
|
No. of practical classes
|
|
1
|
Symptomatology and host pathogen interaction of diseases ofroot, tuber, solanaceous and bulb crops
|
3
|
|
2
|
Symptomatology and host pathogen interaction of diseases of cucurbits
|
2
|
|
3
|
Symptomatology and host pathogen interaction of diseases of leafy vegetables
|
2
|
|
4
|
Symptomatology and host pathogen interaction of diseases of crucifers
|
2
|
|
5
|
Diseases of crops under protected cultivation
|
1
|
|
6
|
Symptomatology and host pathogen interaction of diseases of black pepper, cumin and coriander
|
2
|
|
7
|
Symptomatology and host pathogen interaction of diseases of turmeric and ginger
|
1
|
|
8
|
Symptomatology and host pathogen interaction of diseases of fennel and fenugreek
|
1
|
|
9
|
Symptomatology and host pathogen interaction of diseases of nutmeg and saffron
|
1
|
Examination Schedule
|
Test
|
Weightage
|
|
First Hourly
|
10
|
|
Mid term
|
25
|
|
Practical
|
30
|
|
End Term
|
35
|
Name of the teachers
Dr. Sandeep Jain
Dr. Ritu Rani
Dr. Rupeet Gill
Suggested Readings
- Chaube HS, Singh US, Mukhopadhyay AN & Kumar J. 1992. Plant Diseases of International
- Importance. Vol. II. Diseases of Vegetable and Oilseed Crops. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New
- Jersey.
- Gupta VK & Paul YS. 2001. Diseases of Vegetable Crops. Kalyani Publ., New Delhi
- Sherf AF &Mcnab AA. 1986. Vegetable Diseases and their Control. Wiley InterScience, Columbia.
- Singh RS. 1999. Diseases of Vegetable Crops. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
- Gupta SK &Thind TS. 2006. Disease Problem in Vegetable Production. Scientific Publ., Jodhpur.
- Walker JC. 1952. Diseases of Vegetable Crops. McGraw-Hill, New York
NON-BSMA
Plant Bacteriology
Pl. Path. 503 (2+1) Sem II
|
S. no.
|
Contents
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No. of lectures
|
Teacher
|
|
Theory
|
|
1
|
History of Bacteriology and Introduction to phytopathogenic procarya
|
3
|
M. Hunjan
|
|
2
|
Bacterial genetics
|
4
|
M. Hunjan
|
|
3
|
Evolution, classification and nomenclature of phytopathogenic procarya
|
3
|
M. Hunjan
|
|
4
|
Variability among phytopathogenic bacteria
|
2
|
M. Hunjan
|
|
5
|
Plasmids, phages and bdellovibrio
|
2
|
M. Hunjan
|
|
6
|
Growth, nutrition requirements and reproduction
|
1
|
J. Lore
|
|
7
|
General biology of bacteriophages
|
1
|
M. Hunjan
|
|
8
|
Interactions of plant pathogenic bacteria with other microbes
|
2
|
J. Lore
|
|
9
|
Fastidious phytopathogenic prokaryotes, L-form bacteria
|
2
|
M. Hunjan
|
|
10
|
Prokaryotic inhibitors and their mode of action against phytopathogenic bacteria
|
2
|
P. Tak
|
|
11
|
Survival and dissemination of phytopathogenic bacteria
|
2
|
P. Tak
|
|
12
|
Important disease caused by procarya
|
10
|
J. Lore
|
|
Laboratory/field experiments to be conducted by students
|
|
13
|
Isolation , purification, identification and host inoculation of phytopathogenic bacteria
|
5
|
J.Lore/M.Hunjan
|
|
14
|
Staining methods
|
1
|
P. Tak
|
|
15
|
Biochemical and serological characterization
|
3
|
P. Tak
|
|
16
|
Isolation of plasmid and use of antibacterial chemicals/antibodies
|
2
|
P. Tak
|
|
17
|
Isolation of bacterial genomic DNA and PCR based identification of bacteria
|
3
|
M.Hunjan
|
Reference books
- Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes and Plant Diseases by B.S.Thind
- Fundamental Bacterial Genetics by N. Trun and J. Trempy
- Understanding Bacteria BySrivastava and Srivastava
- Plant diseases due to bacteria by W.J.Dowson
- Bacterial Plant Pathogens by C.Stapp
- Phytopathogenic prokaryotes Vol.I &Vol. II edited by M.S.Mount and G.I.I. Lacy
- Fundamentals Principles of Bacteriology by A. J. Salle
- Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic bacteria by N. M. Schaad
- Fundamentals of Bacterial Plant Pathology by M Goto
BSMA
Advances in Plant Pathogenic Prokaryotes
Pl. Path. 603 (2+0) Sem. II
|
S. no.
|
Topic
|
No. of lectures
|
Teacher
|
|
1
|
Prokaryotic cell: Molecular basis for origin and evolution of prokaryotic life, prokaryotic cytoskeletal proteins.
|
2
|
P. Tak
|
|
2
|
Flagella structure, assembly and regulation. Structure and composition (bacteria) cell wall/envelop
|
2
|
P. Tak
|
|
3
|
Bacterial chromosomes and plasmids, other cell organelles
|
2
|
P. Tak
|
|
4
|
Growth, nutrition and metabolism in prokaryotes
|
2
|
J. Lore
|
|
5
|
Current trends in taxonomy and identification of phytopathogenic prokarya
- International code of nomenclature,
- Polyphasic approach
- Methods for identification and characterization of bacterial plant pathogens
- Whole genome sequencing for classification and Nomenclature.
|
3
|
M. Hunjan
|
|
6
|
Molecular genetics of Phytopathogenic bacteria
- Transformation
- Transduction
- Conjugation
- Transposition
|
4
|
P. Tak
|
|
7
|
Bacteriophages- Composition, structure and infection. Classification and use of phages in plant pathology/bacteriology
|
2
|
J. Lore
|
|
8
|
Molecular basis of bacterial pathogenicity -
- Synthesis and expression of EPS
- Mechanism of Quorum sensing
- Enzymes, toxins and iron acquisition in bacterial virulence
- Assembly of Type secretion systems
- TAL effectors- expression, delivery and interaction with plant proteins
|
6
|
M. Hunjan
|
|
9
|
Beneficial Prokaryotes-Endophytes, PGPR, Phylloplane bacteria and their role in disease management. Endosymbionts for host defence.
|
2
|
J. Lore
|
|
10
|
Advances in management of diseases caused by prokaryotes: genetic engineering
|
2
|
J. Lore
|
|
11
|
Gene silencing, RNAi technology and TALeNs
|
2
|
P. Tak
|
|
12
|
Gene editing and CRISPR-Cas9 system
|
1
|
M. Hunjan
|
|
13
|
Molecular variability among phytopathogenic procarya and possible host defence mechanism(s)
|
2
|
M. Hunjan
|
|
14
|
Mechanism of soft rot (Erwinia spp.) development
|
1
|
J. Lore
|
|
15
|
Mechanism of crown gall formation (Agrobacterium tumifaciens)
|
1
|
J. Lore
|
|
16
|
Epidemiology in relation to bacterial plant pathogens
|
1
|
J. Lore
|
|
17
|
Endophytes, PGPR, phylloplane bacteria and their role in disease management
|
2
|
J. Lore
|
Practical
|
S. no.
|
Topic
|
No. of lectures
|
Teacher
|
|
1
|
Pathogenic studies and race identification with special reference to rice-Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae interactions
|
5
|
J. Lore
|
|
2
|
Plasmid profiling of bacteria, fatty acid profiling of bacteria, RFLP profiling of bacteria
|
2
|
M. Hunjan
|
|
3
|
Secondary metabolite production, cyanides, EPS, siderophore, specific detection
|
2
|
M. Hunjan
|
|
4
|
Development and validation of molecular markers for bacterial identification and characterization
|
2
|
M. Hunjan
|
|
5
|
Identification of different bacterial diseases
|
3
|
P. Tak
|
|
6.
|
Testing of antibacterials
|
2
|
P. Tak
|
Reference books
- Plant Bacteriology by C.I. Kado
- Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes and Plant Diseases by B.S.Thind
- Fundamental Bacterial Genetics by N. Trun and J. Trempy
- Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic bacteria by N. M. Schaad
- Fundamentals of Bacterial Plant Pathology by M Goto
- Review articles from Annual Review of Phytopathology,Annual review of Plant Biology, Annual Review of Microbiology, Nature reviews
- Current,Mini and Micro-reviews from Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions, Cellular Microbiology
- Research articles from Journal of Bacteriology
Course No. Pl. Path 602 (DOR : 6th February,2023)
Course title: Advances in Plant Virology
Credit hours : 2+0
Instructors : Dr Abhishek Sharma and Dr Manmohan Dhkal
Theory: Lecture Schedule
|
Week
|
Lecture
|
No. of lectures
|
Teacher
|
|
I
|
Origin, evolution and interrelationship with animal viruses
|
2
|
Abhishek
|
|
II
|
Virus Replication, assembly and architecture of plant viruses.
|
2
|
Abhishek
|
|
III
|
Variation, mutation and virus strains.
|
1
|
Abhishek
|
|
III
|
Molecular mechanism of vector transmission, symptom expression, viroids and prions
|
1
|
Abhishek
|
|
IV
|
Immunoglobulin structure and functions of various domains. Methods of immunodiagnosis, hybridoma technology, use of monoclonal antibodies.
|
2
|
Abhishek
|
|
V&VI
|
Genome organization, replication, transcription and translational strategies of pararetroviruses and geminiviruses. Satellite viruses and satellite RNA genome organization in tobamo, poty, bromo, cucummo, ilar and tospoviruses.
|
4
|
Abhishek
|
|
VII
|
Mechanism of virus transmission by vectors, virus vector relationship. Bimodal transmission and taxonomy of vectors and viruses, vector specificity for classes of viruses
|
2
|
Manmohan
|
|
VIII
|
Ultrastructural changes due to virus infection
|
1
|
Manmohan
|
|
IX
|
Polymerase Chain Reaction in identification of viruses and their strains.
|
2
|
Manmohan
|
|
X
|
Virus induced gene silencing, Genetic engineering with plant viruses, viral suppressors, a RNAi dynamics, resistant genes. Viruses as potential vectors.
|
2
|
Manmohan
|
|
XI
|
Genetically engineered resistant and transgenic plants. Techniques and application of tissue culture.
|
1
|
Manmohan
|
BOOKS
- Astier S, Albouy J, Maury Y, Robaglia C and. Lecoq H (2007) Principles of Plant Virology: Genome ,Pathogenicity, Virus Ecology Pp.1-472. Science Publishers, USA.
- Hull R (2016) Comparative Plant Virology. Pp. 1-375. Elesevier Academic Press, USA.
Call number: 576.648 3 H90P
Examination Marks
Mid- semester 30
Assignment/Presentation 20
Final 50
Total 100
Semester-II, 2022-23
Course No. Pl. Path 502` (DOR : 6th Feb ,2023)
Course title: Plant Virology
Credit hours: 2+1
Instructors: Dr. Abhishek Sharma and Dr Manmohan Dhkal
Theory: Lecture Schedule
|
Week
|
Lecture
|
No. of lectures
|
Teacher
|
|
I
|
Origin and evolution of viruses
|
2
|
Abhishek
|
|
II
|
History of plant viruses
|
1
|
Abhishek
|
|
II, III, IV
|
General characteristics of plant viruses, structure, infection process and replication
|
4
|
Abhishek
|
|
IV
|
Chemical and physical properties
|
1
|
Abhishek
|
|
IV &V
|
General characteristics of Mycoviruses, phytoplasma arbo and baculoviruses, satellite viruses, satellite RNAs, phages, viroids, and prions
|
3
|
Abhishek
|
|
VI
|
Transmission- vegetative means, seeds, pollens, cuscuta, insects, fungus, nematodes
|
2
|
Manmohan
|
|
VII
|
Host virus interaction and virus vector relationship
|
2
|
Manmohan
|
|
VIII
|
Isolation, purification, electron microscopy, protein and nucleic acid based diagnostics.
|
2
|
Manmohan
|
|
IX
|
Nomenclature and classification
|
2
|
Manmohan
|
|
X
|
Symptomatology of important plant viral diseases
|
1
|
Manmohan
|
|
XI
|
Principles of Plant virus control
|
1
|
Manmohan
|
|
XII
|
Viral diseases of cucurbits, tomato and potato
|
1
|
Manmohan
|
|
XIII
|
Viral diseases of chilli, okra and pulses
|
1
|
Manmohan
|
|
XIV
|
Viral diseases of citrus and papaya plants
|
1
|
Manmohan
|
|
XV
|
Viral diseases of cereal crops
|
1
|
Manmohan
|
|
XVI
|
Viral diseases of oilseed crops and ornamental plants
|
1
|
Manmohan
|
|
XVII
|
Current topics/discussion on assignments
|
|
A Sharma/ Manmohan
|
|
XVIII
|
|
|
|
Practical: Study of symptoms caused by viruses, transmission, and assay of viruses, physical properties, isolation and purification, serological tests, molecular diagnostics. Diagnosis of representative viral diseases.
Practical: As per course contents given above following practical manual by Dr A Sharma/ S Sharma
BOOKS
- Bos, L. 1983. Introduction to plant virology. Oxford and IBH Publ. Co., New Delhi
Call number: 576.648 3 B71I
- Hull R (2016) Comparative Plant Virology. Pp. 1-375. Elesevier Academic Press, USA.
Call number: 576.648 3 H90P
- Dijkstra J and Jager de CP (1998). Practical Plant Virology Protocol and Exercises. Springer
- Mandahar, C.L. 1987. Introduction to Plant Viruses- S.Chand and Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
- Raychaudri, S.P. and T.K.Nariani, 1977.Virus and mycoplasma diseases of plants in India. Oxford and IBH , New Delhi.
- Journals/Online contents
Examination Marks
Ist one hour 10
Mid- semester 20
Assignment/Presentation 10
Final 35
Practical 25
Total 100
Course outline/ schedule; Sem. II, 2021-22
Course No: Pl Path 106
Course title: Introduction to Plant Pathology; Credit hours: 1+1
Why this course?
- This is an introductory course of Plant Pathology, thus important for developing conceptual clarity about the subject. The students must have a thorough understanding of different aspects of plant diseases, the causative agents, their accurate diagnosis and effective management.
How students will be better equipped after this course is over?
- After studying this course, the students will understand the importance of plant diseases & different types of disease-causing agents. Moreover, the understanding about various diseases of agro-industrial importance will later help them to formulate and suggest appropriate management strategies.
Detailed Lecture Schedule
|
Sr. No.
|
Topic
|
No. of lectures
|
|
1
|
Definition, objectives, significance of plant pathology and economic losses
|
1
|
|
2
|
History of plant pathology
|
1
|
|
3
|
Types of plant diseases based on etiology, parts affected, geographical distribution, crops infected, sources of inoculum and symptoms
|
2
|
|
4
|
Introduction to fungi, bacteria, fastidious vascular bacteria, viruses, viroids, phytoplasmas, sprioplasmas, nematodes, phanerogamic parasites and abiotic causes of plant diseases
|
3
|
|
5
|
Epidemiology, elements of an epidemic, factors affecting the development of epidemic
|
1
|
|
6
|
Principles of plant disease management
|
1
|
|
7
|
Physical methods, biological methods, chemical methods, ISR/SAR and IDM approaches for disease management
|
2
|
|
8
|
Fungicide industry in India and world
|
1
|
|
Examples of plant diseases of agro-industrial importance and their management
|
|
9
|
Rusts & smuts of wheat
|
1
|
|
10
|
Blast of rice, red rot of sugarcane, angular leaf spot & leaf curl of cotton
|
1
|
|
11
|
Damping off & root knot nematode disease of vegetables
|
1
|
|
12
|
Early & late blight of potato and tomato, ripe fruit rot & anthracnose of chilies
|
1
|
|
13
|
Foot rot and canker of citrus, anthracnose of guava, scab of apple
|
1
|
Recommended readings:
- Singh, R.S. (2018) Plant Diseases (10th edition). Oxford & IBH Pub. New Delhi, P.821.
- Mehrotra R.S. and Aggarwal, A.(2003). Plant Pathology (2nd Edition). Tata Mc Graw- Hill Pub. Com, Ltd., P.846.
Practical: Study of microscope; Collection and preservation of diseased specimens; Study of symptoms and diagnosis of economically important plant diseases; Identification of important plant pathogens; Preparation of culture media; Methods of sterilization and disinfection; Isolation techniques;Study of plant disease controlling chemicals and their commercial formulations; Calculation of spray concentration; Methods of pesticide application and their safe use; Visit to pesticide testing laboratory.
Detailed Practical Schedule
|
S.No.
|
Topics
|
No. of lectures
|
|
1
|
Acquaintance to plant pathology laboratory equipments
|
1
|
|
2
|
Study of Microscopy: compound and stereomicroscope
|
1
|
|
3
|
Study of symptoms& diagnosis of economically important plant diseases
|
3
|
|
4
|
Collection and preservation of plant disease specimens
|
1
|
|
5
|
Preparation of culture media
|
1
|
|
6
|
Methods of sterilization and isolation of plant pathogens
|
1
|
|
7
|
Identification of important plant pathogens
|
4
|
|
8
|
Study of plant disease controlling chemicals and their commercial formulations
|
1
|
|
9
|
Calculation of spray concentration
|
1
|
|
10
|
Methods of pesticide application and their safe use
|
1
|
|
11
|
Visit to pesticide testing laboratory
|
1
|
IInd Semester (2022-23)
Course No. Pl. Path 511
Course Title Chemicals and botanicals in plant disease management
Credit Hours 2+1
Instructors Dr. Daljeet Singh Buttar, Dr. Amarjit Singh and Dr. Ashlesha
Course Content
Theory : History and development of chemicals; definition of pesticides and related terms; advantages and disadvantages of chemicals and botanicals;Classification of chemicals used in plant disease management and their characteristics; Chemicals in plant disease control, viz., fungicides, bactericides, nematicides, antiviral chemicals and botanicals. Issues related to label claim; Formulations, mode of action and application of different fungicides; chemotherapy and phytotoxicity of fungicides; Handling, storage and precautions to be taken while using fungicides; compatibility with other agrochemicals, persistence, cost-benefit ratio, factor affecting fungicides. New generation fungicides and composite formulations of pesticides;.Efficacy of different botanicals used and their mode of action. Important botanicals used against diseases. General account of plant protection appliances; environmental pollution, residues and health hazards, fungicidal resistance in plant pathogens and its management..
Practical : Acquaintance with formulation of different fungicides and plant protection appliances. Formulation of fungicides, bactericides and nematicides; in vitro evaluation techniques, preparation of different concentrations of chemicals including botanical pesticides against pathogens; persistence, compatibility with other agro-chemicals; detection of naturally occurring fungicide resistant mutants of pathogen; methods of application of chemicals.
|
Week
|
No.of lectures
|
Topic
|
Teachers
|
|
I-II
|
4
|
History and development of chemicals; definition of pesticides and related terms; advantages and disadvantages of chemicals and botanicals
|
Dr. Daljeet Singh Buttar
|
|
III-V
|
6
|
Classification of chemicals used in plant disease management and their characteristics;Chemicals in plant disease control, viz., fungicides, bactericides, nematicides, antiviral chemicals and botanicals.
|
Dr. Amarjit Singh
|
|
VI-VII
|
4
|
Issues related to label claim
|
Dr. Amarjit Singh
|
|
VIII-IX
|
4
|
Formulations, mode of action and application of different fungicides; chemotherapy and phytotoxicity of fungicides
|
Dr. Amarjit Singh
|
|
X-XI
|
4
|
Handling, storage and precautions to be taken while using fungicides; compatibility with other agrochemicals, persistence, cost-benefit ratio, factor affecting fungicides.
|
Dr. Amarjit Singh
|
|
XII-XIII
|
4
|
New generation fungicides and composite formulations of pesticides
|
Dr. Daljeet Singh Buttar
|
|
XIV-XVI
|
6
|
Efficacy of different botanicals used and their mode of action. Important botanicals used against diseases
|
Dr. Daljeet Singh Buttar
|
|
XVII
|
2
|
Efficacy of different botanicals used and their mode of action. Important botanicals used against diseases.
|
Dr. Daljeet Singh Buttar
|
|
XVIII-XIX
|
6
|
General account of plant protection appliances; environmental pollution, residues and health hazards, fungicidal resistance in plant pathogens and its management
|
Dr. Daljeet Singh Buttar
|
Break up of marks
1st hourly examination 10
Mid Semester examination 20
Assignment 05
Practical 25
End Semester examination 40
Total 100
Reference books:
1.Bindra OS & Singh H. 1977. Pesticides - And Application Equipment. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
2.Nene YL &Thapliyal PN. 1993. Fungicides in Plant Disease Control. 3rd edn. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
3.Torgeson DC (Ed.). 1969. Fungicides. Vol. II. An Advanced Treatise. Academic Press, New York. Vyas SC. 1993. Handbook of Systemic Fungicides. Vols. I-III. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi
Semester-II, 2022-23
Course No. Nem.511
Course title: Nematode Interaction with Other Organisms
Credit hours: 1+1
Instructors: Dr Sukhjeet Kaur, Dr Anupam and Dr Harwinder Singh Buttar
Concept of interaction, its importance in disease complexes and their management involving nematode and other organisms. Interaction of plant parasitic nematodes with wilt causing fungal pathogens. Interaction of plant parasitic nematodes with root rot and other fungal pathogens. Interaction of plant parasitic nematodes with bacterial pathogens, other nematodes and arthropods. Virus transmission by nematodes.
|
Week
|
Lecture
|
No. of lectures
|
Teacher
|
|
I& II
|
Introduction,Concept of interactiongeneral terminology and its importance in disease complexes.
|
2
|
Sukhjeet Kaur
|
|
III&IV
|
Importance and Management of disease complexes involving nematode and other organisms
|
2
|
Sukhjeet Kaur
|
|
VI & VII
|
Interaction of plant parasitic nematodes with wilt causing fungal pathogens
|
2
|
Anupam
|
|
VIII & IX
|
Interaction of plant parasitic nematodes with root rot and other fungal pathogens
|
2
|
Harwinder S Buttar
|
|
X &XI
|
Interaction of plant parasitic nematodes with bacterial pathogens
|
2
|
Sukhjeet Kaur/Harwinder S Buttar
|
|
XII &XIII
|
Interaction of plant parasitic nematodes other nematodes
|
2
|
Anupam
|
|
XIV
|
Interaction of plant parasitic nematodes with arthropods
|
1
|
Harwinder S Buttar
|
|
XV&XVI
|
Virus transmission by nematodes
|
2
|
Sukhjeet Kaur/Anupam
|
Practical: Green-house experiments to study the role of plant parasitic nematodes in wilt or rot causing fungal and bacterial pathogens.
-As per course contents given above following practical manual by Dr Sukhjeet Kaur/ Anupam/ Harwinder Singh Buttar
BOOKS
-Plant Nematology by NG Ravichandra, IK international PVT Ltd
-Plant Nematology by Roland N. Perry & Maurice Moens Edition: 2nd, CABI Publisher Press
-Nematode Interactions (1993) by M Wajid Khan
Examination Marks
Ist hourly 10
Mid- semester 20
Assignment/Presentation 10
Final 35
Practical 25
Total 100
Semester-II, 2022-23
Course No. Nem.512
Course title: Beneficial Nematodes
Credit hours: 1+1
Instructors: Dr Sukhjeet Kaur,
Theory
Beneficial nematode fauna, predators, parasites of insects, molluscs and other pests; Entomophilic nematodes, their important groups and types of associations. Taxonomic characteristics of nematode parasites of insects. Host-parasite relations and life cycle of mermithids, entaphelenchids, thelastomids, sphaerularids and tylenchids. Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, their morphological characteristics, taxonomic status, biology and mode of action. Entomopathogenic nematodes- mass multiplication techniques, formulations, field applications and efficacy, and commercial products. Nematodes as biological models and as indicators of pollution. Role of nematodes in organic matter recycling.
|
Week
|
Lecture
|
No. of lectures
|
Teacher
|
|
I & II
|
Beneficial nematode fauna, predators, parasites of insects,molluscs and other pests
|
2
|
Sukhjeet Kaur
|
|
III &IV
|
Entomophilic nematodes, their important groups and types of associations.
|
2
|
Sukhjeet Kaur
|
|
VI & VII
|
Taxonomic characteristics of nematode parasites of insects
|
2
|
Sukhjeet Kaur
|
|
VIII & IX
|
Host-parasite relations and life cycle of mermithids, entaphelenchids, thelastomids, sphaerularids and tylenchids.
|
2
|
Sukhjeet Kaur
|
|
X &XI
|
Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, their morphological characteristics, taxonomic status, biology and mode of action.
|
2
|
Sukhjeet Kaur
|
|
XII &XIII
|
Entomopathogenic nematodes- mass multiplication techniques, formulations, field applications and efficacy, and commercial products.
|
2
|
Sukhjeet Kaur
|
|
XIV &XV
|
Nematodes as biological models and as indicators of pollution.
|
2
|
Sukhjeet Kaur
|
|
XVI
|
Role of nematodes in organic matter recycling
|
1
|
Sukhjeet Kaur
|
Practical: Isolation, identification, mass rearing and application methods of entomopathogenic nematodes. Evaluating in vitro survival and on other culture media
- As per course contents given above following practical manual by Dr Sukhjeet Kaur
BOOKS
-Beneficial Nematodes and Nematode Antagonistic Bioagents by S Subramanian (2020)
- Plant Nematology by NG Ravichandra, IK international PVT Ltd
-Plant Nematology by Roland N. Perry & Maurice Moens Edition: 2nd, CABI Publisher Press
Examination Marks
Ist hourly 10
Mid- semester 20
Assignment/Presentation 10
Final 35
Practical 25
Total 100
Course outline
Course No: Pl.Path.304
Course title: Diseases of Horticultural Crops and their Management; Credit hours: 3+1
Detailed Lecture Schedule
|
Sr. No.
|
Topic
|
No. of lectures
|
|
Symptoms, etiology, epidemiology and management of diseases of :
|
|
1
|
Citrus (Gummosis, canker, scab, dieback/anthracnose, greening, ringspot, exocortis ), Mango(malformation, anthracnose, PM, dieback, stem canker, black tip), Grapes (PM, DM, antracnose, buch rot), Guava (Wilt, anthacnose), Banana (Panama disease, moko wilt, sigatoka, antacnose, buchy top, stem end rot, black spot)
|
7
|
|
2
|
Papaya (PM, anthracnose, stem rot, papaya mosaic, leaf curl and ringspot) litchi (Leaf spot, fruit rot) jack fruit (die-back, fruit rot), pineapple (heart rot, base rot, wilt, pink disease), pomegranate(Leaf spot, bacterial blight) ber (PM, black fruit spot), apple and pear ( Scab, Fire blight, Powdery mildew, Cedar apple rust, Black rot, Sooty blotch, Fly speck, Phytophthora root rot, Japanese black spot)
|
5
|
|
3
|
Sapota (leaf spot, sooty mold), peach and plum ( Peach leaf curl, shot hole, Brown rot, Crown gall, Bacterial canker/Gummosis, Peach scab, Powdery mildew, Plum pocket, Verticillium wilt), almond (Alternaria leaf spot, Anthracnose, Brown rot/blossom blight, Hull rot, Shot hole), walnut (Anthracnose/leaf blotch, Sooty mold, Bacterial blight), strawberry (Powdery mildew, Mycosphaerella leaf spot, Grey mold, Bacterial blight, Leaf scorch, Leaf blight, Black root)
|
4
|
|
4
|
Potato (early and late blight, scab, scurf, wart, mosaic and leaf roll), Tomato (early and late blight, damping off, lea curl, mosaic), brinjal (Phomopsis blight, little leaf, wilt), chilli (damping off, fruit rot and dieback, chilli mosaic and wilt), bhindi (yellow vein mosaic, leaf spot, damping off), cabbage, cauliflower, radish, knol-khol ( Club root, damping off, black rot, alternaria blight, Downy mildew, stalk rot)
|
5
|
|
5
|
Pea (PM, wilt, rust, white rot), beans (mosaic, anthracnose, PM, rust), beet root (leaf spot, Phoma heart rot), onion (purple blotch, DM, bulb rot), garlic (bulb rot), fenugreek (PM, collar rot), ginger (rhizome rot)
|
2
|
|
6
|
Areca nut (Anabe roga, Yellow leaf disease, mahali disease), coconut, oil palm, coffee (coffee rust, maya disease), tea (blister blight), cocoa (seedling die-back), cashew, rubber (white root, PM), betel vine, senna, neem, hemp.
|
4
|
|
7
|
Belladonna, pyrethrum, camphor, costus, crotalaria, datura, mint, opium, Solanum khasianum, Tephrosia, turmeric (rhizome and root rot, leaf blotch), pepper (foot rot, slow decline), cumin(wilt), cardamom (damping off, Foorkey disease, Chirkey disease), nutmeg (die back and fruit rot), coriander (stem gall, wilt), clove (acute die back), cinnamon (Bark canker, leaf spot and dieback).
|
5
|
|
8
|
Jasmine (leaf blight, rust), rose (PM, rust, die back), crossandra (Wilt), tuberose (blossom blight), gerbera (leaf spots), geranium (leaf blght and root gall), marigold (leaf spots), gladiolus (corm rot, Botrytis blight).
|
3
|
|
9
|
Important post-harvest diseases of fruit and their management
Citrus- Blue and green mold, sour rot
Strawberry: Botrytis rot, Soft rot, Leather rot
Mango- Stem end rot, anthracnose
Papaya- fruit rot (soft rot and anthracnose)
Grapes- Grey mold rot, rhizopus rot
|
4
|
|
10
|
Important post-harvest diseases of vegetable crops and their management
Onion & Garlic: Basal rot, Blue mold rot, Black rot, Neck rot, Soft rot
|
2
|
|
11
|
Important post-harvest diseases of plantation, medicinal, aromatic, ornamental and spices and their management
|
4
|
|
12
|
Disease complex caused by nematodes in fruits and vegetables (citrus nematode, banana burrowing nematode, root knot nematode in pomegranate and root knot nematode in tomato)
|
5
|
|
13
|
Disease complex caused by nematodes in tuber, ornamental, spice and plantation crops.
|
4
|
Recommended Books:
- Singh, R.S.( 2018 ) Plant Diseases (10th edition). Oxford & IBH Pub. New Delhi, P.821.
- Rangaswami, G. and Mahadevan, A.( 2002). Diseases of crop plants in India (4th Edition) Prentice Hall of India, Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, P.536.
- Mehrotra R.S. and Aggarwal,A.(2003). Plant Pathology (2nd Edition). Tata Mc Graw- Hill Pub. Com, Ltd., P.846.
- Pathak, V.N.( 1989). Diseases of fruit crops. Oxford & IBH Pub. Comp, New Delhi, P.309.
- Singh, R.S. (1987). Diseases of vegetable crops (2nd Edition).Oxford & IBH Pub. Comp, New Delhi, P. 362.
- Singh, R.S. (2018). Diseases of fruit crops(2nd Edition).MedTech., New Delhi, P.281
- Gupta, S.K. and Thind, T.S, (2018). Disease problems in Vegetable Production. Scientific Publishers, India, P.586.
- Gupta, S.K., Sharma R.C. and Sharma M (2017) Diseases of Vegetable, Ornamental and Spice crops. Scientific Publishers, India.
Practicals: Observations of disease symptoms, identification of causal organisms and host parasite relationship of important diseases of fruits, plantation, medicinal, aromatic, vegetables, ornamental and spice crops. Collection and preservation of diseased plant specimen.
SCHEDULE FOR PRACTICALS
|
Sr. No.
|
Practical
|
No. of practical(s)
|
Place
|
-
|
Diseases of citrus
|
1
|
UG lab/Field area of Department of fruit science and vegetable science
|
-
|
Diseases of Mango
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of Grapes and Sapota
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of Pomegranate and Papaya
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of Guava and Banana
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of Pear, Peach and Plum
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of Apple and Strawberry
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of Litchi, Almond, Walnut Jackfruit and Pineapple
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of Potato and Tomato
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of Brinjal and Okra
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of cruciferous vegetables
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of pea, beans and Beetroot
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of onion, garlic and Coriander
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of chillies and Cucrbits
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of marigold, jasmine, Carnation, rose, gladiolus and Chrysanthemum
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of Coconut, Betelvine, Arecanut, Cocoa and Rubber
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of coffee and Tea
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
|
Total
|
17
|
- do-
|
Examination Weightage
1st Hourly 10%
Mid Term 25%
Practical 30%
Final 35%
Name of teachers:
1. Dr. Amrinder Kaur, Plant Pathologist, Department of Plant Pathology, PAU, Ludhiana.
2. Dr. Harpreet Singh, Plant Pathologist (Fruits), Department of Fruit Science, PAU, Ludhiana.
3. Dr. Rupeet Gill, Plant Pathologist, Department of Vegetable Science, PAU, Ludhiana
Semester-II, 2022-23
Course No. Pl.Path.-504
Course title: Plant Nematology
Credit hours: 2+1
Instructors: Dr Sukhjeet Kaur, Dr Anupam and Dr Harwinder Singh Buttar
Course Contents: Theory:
UNIT I: Characteristics of Phylum Nematoda and its relationship with other related phyla, history and growth of Nematology; nematode habitats and diversity- plant, animal and human parasites; useful nematodes; economic importance of nematodes to agriculture, horticulture and forestry.
UNIT II: Gross morphology of plant parasitic nematodes; broad classification, nematode biology, physiology and ecology.
UNIT III :Types of parasitism; nature of damage and general symptomatology; interaction of plant-parasitic nematodes with other organisms.
UNIT IV :Plant nematode relationships, cellular responses to infection by important phytonematodes; physiological specialization among phytonematodes.
UNIT V :Principles and practices of nematode management; integrated nematode management.
UNIT VI :Emerging nematode problems, Importance of nematodes in international trade and quarantine.
|
Week
|
Lecture
|
No. of lectures
|
Teacher
|
|
I
|
Introduction and Characteristics of Phylum Nematoda and its relationship with other related phyla
|
2
|
Sukhjeet Kaur
|
|
II
|
History and growth of Nematology; nematode habitats and diversity- plant, animal and human parasites; useful nematodes
|
2
|
Sukhjeet Kaur
|
|
III
|
Economic importance of nematodes to agriculture, horticulture and forestry
|
2
|
Anupam
|
|
IV &V
|
Gross morphology and biology of nematodes of plant parasitic nematodes
|
4
|
Sukhjeet Kaur
|
|
VI
|
Broad classification of important plant parasitic genera’s
|
2
|
Sukhjeet Kaur/Harwinder S Buttar
|
|
VII &VIII
|
Nematode physiology and ecology
|
3
|
Sukhjeet Kaur/ Harwinder S Buttar
|
|
VIII &IX
|
Types of parasitism; nature of damage and general symptomatology
|
2
|
Anupam
|
|
IX-X
|
Interaction of plant-parasitic nematodes with other organisms
|
3
|
Sukhjeet Kaur/Anupam
|
|
XI-XII
|
Plant nematode relationships, cellular responses to infection by important phytonematodes, Physiological specialization among phytonematodes
|
4
|
Harwinder S Buttar/ Sukhjeet Kaur
|
|
XIII&XIV
|
Principles and practices of nematode management; integrated nematode management
|
4
|
Sukhjeet Kaur/Anupam
|
|
XV
|
Emerging nematode problems
|
1
|
Sukhjeet Kaur
|
|
XV-XVI
|
Importance of nematodes in international trade and quarantine
|
3
|
Anupam/ Harwinder Singh Buttar
|
Practical:Studies on kinds of nematodes- free-living, animal, insect and plant parasites; nematode extraction from soil; extraction of migratory endoparasites, staining for sedentary endoparasites; examination of different life stages of important plant parasitic nematodes, their symptoms and histopathology.
-As per course contents given above following practical manual by Dr Sukhjeet Kaur/ Anupam/ Harwinder Singh Buttar
BOOKS
Textbook on Introductory Plant Nematology by R.K. Walia & H.K. Bajaj ;Plant Nematology by NG Ravichandra, IK international PVT Ltd ; Plant Nematology by Roland N. Perry & Maurice Moens Edition: 2nd, CABI Publisher Press ;Plant Parasitic Nematodes of India Problems and Progress by D. R. Dasgupta and Gopal Swarup; Nematode Interactions (1993) by M Wajid Khan; Plant Nematology, methodology, morphology, systematics, biology and ecology by M.R. Khan
Examination Marks
Ist hourly 10
Mid- semester 20
Assignment/Presentation 10
Final 35
Practical 25
Total 100
Course outline/schedule; Sem. II, 2022-23
Course No.: Pl. Path. 104
Course Title: Introductory Plant Pathology; Credit Hours: 2+1
Theory: Plant Pathology- concepts, terms, scope, objectives, causes and importance of plant diseases. History of Plant Pathology with special reference to India. Plant pathogenesis and disease triangle. Classification, characters and reproduction of fungi, bacteria, nematodes, phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, viruses, viroids, algae, protozoa and phanerogamic parasites with examples of diseases caused by them. Symptoms due to diseases and abiotic stresses. Dispersal and survival of plant pathogens. Types of parasitism and variability in plant pathogens. Role of enzymes/ toxins and growth regulators in disease development. Defence mechanisms in plants. Epidemiology and factors affecting disease development. Principles and methods of plant disease management. Fungicides/antibiotics- formulations and classification.
Detailed Lecture Schedule
|
Sr. No.
|
Topic
|
No. of lecture(s)
|
|
1
|
Plant Pathology-concepts, terms, scope, objectives, causes and importance of plant diseases
|
2
|
|
2
|
History of plant pathology with special reference to India
|
2
|
|
3
|
Plant pathogenesis and disease triangle, tetrahedron
|
1
|
|
4
|
General characters of fungi and examples of diseases caused by them
|
1
|
|
5
|
Classification and reproduction of fungi
|
8
|
|
6
|
General characters of bacteria, fastidious vascular bacteria, phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas and examples of diseases caused by them
|
1
|
|
7
|
General characters of viruses, viroids, algae, protozoa and examples of diseases caused by them
|
1
|
|
8
|
Nematodes and phanerogamic parasites with examples of diseases caused by them
|
1
|
|
9
|
Symptoms due to diseases and abiotic stresses
|
1
|
|
10
|
Dispersal and survival of plant pathogens
|
2
|
|
11
|
Types of parasitism and variability in plant pathogens
|
2
|
|
12
|
Role of enzymes/toxins and growth regulators in disease development
|
2
|
|
13
|
Defense mechanisms in plants
|
2
|
|
14
|
Epidemiology and factors affecting disease development
|
1
|
|
15
|
Principles and methods of plant disease management
|
4
|
|
16
|
Fungicides/antibiotics- formulations and classification
|
1
|
|
|
Total
|
32
|
Recommended Books
Agrios G. N. (2005) Plant Pathology (5nd edition). Elsevier Academic Press.
Mehrotra R. S. and Aggarwal A. (2003) Plant Pathology (2nd edition). Tata McGraw Hill Pub. New Delhi.
Singh R. S. ( 2018 ) Plant Diseases (10th edition). Oxford & IBH Pub. New Delhi.
Singh R. S. (2009) Introduction to Principles of Plant Pathology. (4th edition). Oxford & IBH Pub. New Delhi.
Singh R. S. (1994) Plant Pathogens- The Fungi. (3rd edition). Oxford & IBH Pub. New Delhi.
SCHEDULE FOR PRACTICALS
|
Sr. No.
|
Practical
|
No. of practical(s)
|
Place
|
|
1.
|
Acquaintance with laboratory equipments
|
1
|
UG lab of Department of Plant Pathology
|
|
2.
|
Microscopy- handling and functioning
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
3.
|
Collection and preservation of plant disease specimens
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
4.
|
Preparation of culture media for fungi and bacteria
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
5.
|
Isolation of plant pathogens and demonstration of Koch’s Postulates
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
6.
|
Structures of fungi
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
7.
|
Study of Genera: Class Oomycetes
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
8.
|
Study of Genera: Class Zygomycetes
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
9.
|
Study of Genera: Class Pyrenomycetes and Discomycetes
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
10.
|
Study of Genera: Class Teliomycetes
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
11.
|
Study of Genera: Class Hymenomycetes
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
12.
|
Study of Genera: Class Coelomycetes
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
13.
|
Study of Genera: Class Hyphomycetes
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
14.
|
Symptoms of various plant diseases
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
15.
|
Staining and identification of plant pathogenic bacteria
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
16.
|
Transmission of plant viruses
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
17.
|
Study of phanerogamic plant parasites
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
18.
|
Morphological features and identification of plant parasitic nematodes
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
19.
|
Sampling and extraction of nematodes from Soil and planting Material
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
20.
|
Preparation of nematode mounting
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
21.
|
Fungicides: Formulations and calculation of fungicide sprays concentration
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
22.
|
Methods of pesticide application and their safe use
|
|
|
Total
|
21
|
-
|
Examination Weightage
1st Hourly 10%
Mid Term 25%
Practical 30%
Final 35%
Name of teachers:
1. Dr. Anita Arora, Senior Plant Pathologist (Fruits)
2. Dr. Amrinder Kaur, Plant Pathologist
3. Dr. Harpreet Singh, Plant Pathologist (Fruits)
COURSE OUTLINE
PL PATH 606
PLANT BIOSECURITY AND BIOSAFETY
Credit Hours: 2+0
Theory
Objective:To facilitate deeper understanding on plant biosecurity and biosafety issues in agriculture.
UNIT I:History of biosecurity, Concept of biosecurity, Components of biosecurity, Quarantine, Invasive AlienSpecies, Biowarfare, Emerging / resurgence of pests and diseases. Introduction and History ofbiosecurity and its importance.
UNIT II:National Regulatory Mechanism and International Agreements/Conventions viz., Agreement onApplication of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures. World Trade Organization (WTO),Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures, pestrisk analysis, risk assessment models, pest information system, early warning and forecasting system,use of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) for plantbiosecurity, pest/disease and epidemic management, strategies for combating risks and costs associated with agroterrorism event, mitigation planning, integrated approach for biosecurity.
UNIT III: Biosafety, policies and regulatory mechanism, Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and its implications, issues related to release of genetically modified crops. Emerging/resurgence of pests and diseases in the changing scenario of climatic conditions. Issues related to release of genetically modified crops. Biotechnological approaches in developing disease resistant transgenics.
Lecture Schedule: Theory
|
Sr. No.
|
Topic
|
No. of Lectures
|
|
1
|
History of biosecurity, Concept and importance of biosecurity, Components of biosecurity, Invasive AlienSpecies, Biowarfare, Emerging / resurgence of pests and diseases.
|
4
|
|
2
|
National Regulatory Mechanism and International Agreements/Conventions viz., Agreement onApplication of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures.World Trade Organization (WTO),Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures
|
3
|
|
3
|
Pestrisk analysis, risk assessment models, pest information system, early warning and forecasting system
|
2
|
|
4
|
Use of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) for plantbiosecurity
|
3
|
|
5
|
Pest/disease and epidemic management, strategies for combating risks and costs associatedwith agroterrorism event
|
3
|
|
6
|
Mitigation planning, integrated approach for biosecurity
|
3
|
|
7
|
Biosafety, policies and regulatory mechanism, Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and its implications,Issues related to release of genetically modified crops.
|
3
|
|
8
|
Emerging/resurgence of pests and diseases inthe changing scenario of climatic conditions.
|
3
|
|
9
|
Issues related to release of genetically modified crops.
|
2
|
|
10
|
Biotechnological approachesin developing disease resistant transgenics.
|
2
|
Examination Schedule
|
Test
|
Weightage
|
|
First Hourly
|
20
|
|
Mid term
|
35
|
|
End Term
|
45
|
Name of the teachers
Dr. Sandeep jain
Dr. Pankaj Sharma
Dr. Jyoti Jain
Suggested Readings
FAO Biosecurity Toolkit 2008. www.fao.org/docrep/010/a1140e/a1140e00.htm LaboratoryBiosecurity Guidance. http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/WHO_CD
S_EPR_2006.pdf Grotto Andrew J & Jonathan B Tucker. 2006.
Biosecurity: A Comprehensive Action Plan.
http://www.americanprogress.org/kf/biosecurity_a_comprehensive_ action_plan.pdf
Biosecurity Australia. www.daff.gov.au/ba;www.affa.gov.au/biosecurityaustralia Biosecurity NewZealand.
www.biosecurity.govt.nz DEFRA.www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/control/biosecurity/index.htm
Randhawa GJ, Khetarpal RK, Tyagi RK &Dhillon. BS (Eds.). 2001. Transgenic Crops and BiosafetyConcerns. NBPGR, New Delhi.
Khetarpal RK &Kavita Gupta 2006. Plant Biosecurity in India - Status and Strategy. AsianBiotechnology and Development Review 9(2): 3963.
Biosecurity for Agriculture and Food Production. http://www.fao.org/biosecurity/CFIA.http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/fad/biosecure.sht ml
Course PL PATH 501 MYCOLOGY 2+1 Sem. I. 2022-23
Teachers: Dr.Vineet Kumar, Professor of Plant Pathology,Dr. JaspalKaur,PrincipalPlant Pathologist and Dr. Rajnish KumarVerma, Plant Mycologist
1. Syllabus
Theory: Introduction, definition of different terms, basic concepts. Importance of mycology in agriculture, relation of fungi to human affairs, history of mycology.Concepts of nomenclature and classification, fungal biodiversity, reproduction in fungi.The comparative morphology, ultrastructure, characters, life cycles of different groups of fungi up to generic level: (a) Protista andStramenopila (b) Eumycota- i) Chytridiomycoa, ii)Zygomycota, iii)Ascomycota, iv)Basidiomycota, mitosporicfungi, variability in fungi, molecular identification of fungi.
Practical: Detailed comparative study of different groups of fungi; collection, identification and preservation of specimens. Isolation and identification of plant pathogenic fungi.Application of molecular approaches and techniques for identification of fungal pathogens.
|
Week
|
Topic
|
Teacher
|
|
1
|
Introduction, definition of different terms, basic concepts
|
Dr. Vineet Kumar
|
|
2
|
Importance of mycology in agriculture and relation of fungi to human affairs
|
Dr. Vineet Kumar
|
|
3
|
History of mycology
|
Dr. Vineet Kumar
|
|
4
|
Importance of culture collection and herbarium of fungi
|
Dr JaspalKaur
|
|
5
|
Somatic characters and reproduction in fungi.
|
Dr JaspalKaur
|
|
6
|
Modern concept of fungal classification and nomenclature
|
Dr JaspalKaur
|
|
7
|
Classification of kingdom fungi: Stramenopila and Protists. The general characteristics and life cycle in the Phyla:-
|
Dr Rajnish Kumar
|
|
8
|
Plasmodiophoromycota
|
Dr Rajnish Kumar
|
|
Dictyosteliomycota
|
|
Acrasiomycota
|
|
Myxomycota.
|
|
9
|
Hypochytriomycota,
|
Dr Rajnish Kumar
|
|
Oomycota and
|
|
Labyrinthulomycota
|
|
10
|
Kingdom fungi: General characters, ultrastructure and life cycle patterns in representative genera under
|
Dr Vineet Kumar
|
|
11
|
Chytridiomycota
|
Dr. Vineet Kumar
|
|
12
|
Zygomycota
|
Dr. Vineet Kumar
|
|
13
|
Ascomycota
Archiascomycetes, Ascomycetous yeasts, Pyrenomycetes, Plectomycetes,
Discomycetes, Loculoascomycetes, Erysiphales
Anamorphs of ascomycetous fungi
|
Dr. Jaspal Kaur
|
|
14
|
Basidiomycota; general characters, mode of reproduction, types of basidiocarps and economic importance of Hymenomycetes
|
Dr. JaspalKaur
|
|
15
|
Uridinales and Ustilaginales
|
Dr Jaspal Kaur
|
|
16
|
Variability, host specificity and life cycle pattern in rusts and smuts
|
Dr Rajnish Kumar
|
|
17
|
Mitosporic fungi; status of asexual fungi, their teliomorphic relationships
|
Dr Rajnish Kumar
|
|
18
|
Molecular characterization of plant pathogenic fungi.
|
Dr Rajnish Kumar
|
1. Ainsworth G.C., Sparrow F.K.&Susman H.S. 1973.The Fungi – AnAdvanced Treatise. Vol. IV (A
& B). Academic Press, New York.
2. Alexopoulos C.J., Mims C.W.& Blackwell M.2000. Introductory Mycology.5th Ed. John Wiley &
Sons, New York.
3. Mehrotra R.S.&Arneja K.R. 1990. An Introductory Mycology.WileyEastern, New Delhi.
4. Sarbhoy, A. K. 2000. Text book of Mycology. ICAR, New Delhi.
5. Singh R.S. 1982. Plant Pathogens – The Fungi.Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
6. Webster J. and Roland W.S. Weber2007. Introduction to Fungi.3rdEd. Cambridge Univ. Press,
Cambridge, New York.
Practical
|
Sr. No.
|
Practical Exercises
|
Weak
|
Location
|
|
1.
|
Saccardoan classification and classification based on conidiogenesis
|
2
|
PG and Mycology Lab.
|
|
2.
|
Collection, identification and preservation of diseased specimens.
|
2
|
-do-
|
|
Detailed comparative study of different groups of fungi
|
|
3.
|
Myxomycotina
|
1
|
UG and Mycology Lab.
|
|
|
Oomycota
|
1
|
-do-
|
|
4.
|
Zygomycetes
|
1
|
-do-
|
|
5.
|
Ascomycetes
|
4
|
-do-
|
|
6.
|
Basidiomycetes
|
3
|
-do-
|
|
7.
|
Application of molecular approaches and techniques for identification of fungal pathogens.
|
3
|
Molecular Lab
|
Distribution of marks
Examination Weightage (%)
1st Hourly : 10
Mid term : 25
Practical : 25
End term : 40
Course No. Pl. Path 502 (DOR : 13th September,2022)
Course title: Plant Virology
Credit hours: 2+1
Instructors: Dr Abhishek Sharma, Dr Yogita Bohra and Dr Manmohan Dhkal
Course Contents: Theory:
UNIT I
History and economic significances of plant viruses. General and morphological characters, composition and structure of viruses. Myco-viruses, arbo and baculo viruses, satellite viruses, satellite RNAs, phages, viroids and prions. Origin and evolution of viruses and their nomenclature and classification.
UNIT II
Genome organization, replication in selected groups of plant viruses and their movement in host. Response of the host to virus infection: biochemical, physiological, and symptomatical changes. Transmission of viruses and virus-vector relationship. Isolation and purification of viruses.
UNIT III
Detection and identification of plant viruses by using protein and nucleic acid based diagnostic techniques. Natural (R-genes) and engineering resistance to plant viruses. Latest diagnostic tools.
UNIT IV
Virus epidemiology and ecology (spread of plant viruses in fields, host range and survival). Management of diseases caused by plant viruses.
|
Week
|
Lecture
|
No. of lectures
|
Teacher
|
|
I
|
Origin and evolution of viruses
|
1
|
Abhishek Sharma
|
|
II
|
History and economic significances of plant viruses
|
2
|
-do-
|
|
III & IV
|
General and morphological characters, composition and structure of viruses
|
4
|
-do-
|
|
V &VI
|
Genome organization, replication in selected groups of plant viruses and their movement in host.
|
4
|
Abhishek Sharma
|
|
VII
|
Myco-viruses, arbo and baculo viruses, satellite viruses, satellite RNAs, phages, viroids and prions
|
2
|
Abhishek Sharma/ Yogita Bohra
|
|
VIII& IX
|
Nomenclature and classification.
|
3
|
Yogita Bohra
|
|
IX&X
|
Response of the host to virus infection: biochemical, physiological, and symptomatical changes.
|
2
|
Manmohan Dhkal
|
|
XI
|
Transmission of viruses and virus-vector relationship.
|
2
|
Manmohan Dhkal
|
|
XII
|
Detection and identification of plant viruses by using protein and nucleic acid based diagnostic techniques.
|
2
|
Manmohan Dhkal
|
|
XIII& XIV
|
Natural (R-genes) and engineering resistance to plant viruses.
|
1
|
Manmohan Dhkal
|
|
XIV
|
Latest diagnostic tools
|
1
|
Yogita Bohra
|
|
XV-XVI
|
Virus epidemiology and ecology (spread of plant viruses in fields, host range and survival). Management of diseases caused by plant viruses.
|
4
|
Yogita Bohra
|
Practical: As per course contents given above following practical manual by Dr A Sharma/ Y Bohra/ Manmohan Dhkal
BOOKS
- Astier S, Albouy J, Maury Y, Robaglia C and. Lecoq H (2007) Principles of Plant Virology - Genome ,Pathogenicity, Virus Ecolog) Pp.1-472. Science Publishers, USA.
- Bos, L. 1983. Introduction to plant virology. Oxford and IBH Publ. Co., New Delhi
- Gibbs, A. and B. Harrison , 1976. Plant Virology- The Principles, Edward Arnold
- Hull R (2013) Comparative Plant Virology. Pp. 1-375. Elesevier Academic Press, USA.
- Dijkstra J and Jager de CP (1998). Practical Plant Virology Protocol and Exercises. Springer
- Mandahar, C.L. 1987. Introduction to Plant Viruses- S.Chand and Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Examination Marks Tentative Dates of Exam
Ist one hour 10 10 Oct 22
Mid- semester 20 21 Nov 22
Assignment/Presentation 10
Final 35 23 Jan 23
Practical 25 13 Jan 23
Total 100
Year: 2022-2023 (Sem I)
Course No: Pl. Path. 505 Course Title: Principles of Plant Pathology
Credit hours : 2+1
Course Instructors: Dr Sandeep Jain (c), Dr (Mrs) Jyoti Jain and Dr (Mrs) Asmita Sirari
Syllabus Theory
UNIT I
Importance, definitions and concepts of plant diseases, history and growth of plant pathology, biotic and abiotic causes of plant diseases.
UNIT II
Growth, reproduction, survival and dispersal of important plant pathogens, role of environment and host nutrition on disease development.
UNIT III
Host parasite interaction, recognition concept and infection, symptomatology, disease development- role of enzymes, toxins, growth regulators; defense strategies- oxidative burst; Phenolics, Phytoalexins, PR proteins, Elicitors. Altered plant metabolism as affected by plant pathogens.
UNIT IV
Genetics of resistance; ‘R’ genes; mechanism of genetic variation in pathogens; molecular basis for resistance; marker-assisted selection; genetic engineering for disease resistance.
Practical: Basic plant pathological techniques. Isolation, inoculation and purification of plant pathogens and proving Koch’s postulates. Techniques to study variability in different plant pathogens. Purification of enzymes, toxins and their bioassay. Estimation of growth regulators, phenols, phytoalexins in resistant and susceptible plants.
Lecture schedule
|
Week
|
Topic
|
Teacher
|
|
I
|
Importance, terminology, concepts of plant diseases, classification of plant diseases. Biotic and abiotic causes of plant diseases. Symptomatology
|
Dr. Sandeep Jain
|
|
II
|
Historical account and growth of Plant Pathology
|
-do-
|
|
III
|
Growth, reproduction and survival of plant pathogens.
|
-do-
|
|
IV
|
Inoculum and inoculum potential. Koch’s postulates
|
-do-
|
|
V
|
Liberation and dissemination of plant pathogens, factors affecting sporulation
|
-do-
|
|
VI
|
Phenomenon of infection : Pre-penetration and penetration
|
Dr. Jyoti Jain
|
|
VII
|
Phenomenon of infection: Post- penetration and colonization of host tissues.
|
-do-
|
|
VIII
|
Role of environment and host nutrition on disease development,
|
-do-
|
|
IX
|
Mechanism to attack : Role of enzymes
|
-do-
|
|
X
|
Mechanism to attack : Role of toxins, growth regulators etc.
|
-do-
|
|
XI
|
Altered plant metabolism as affected by plant pathogens
|
-do-
|
|
XII
|
Recognition concept, Host parasitic interaction and diseases development
|
Dr. Asmita Sirari
|
|
XIII
|
Defense strategies, oxidative burst, phenolics, phytoalexins
|
-do-
|
|
XIV
|
PR proteins and elicitors.
|
-do-
|
|
XV
|
Molecular basis for resistance. Genetics of resistance
|
-do-
|
|
XVI
|
R genes, VR, HR, durable and Cytoplasmic resistance
|
-do-
|
|
XVII
|
Marker assisted selection and genetic engineering for disease resistance
|
-do-
|
Practical lecture schedule
|
S.
No.
|
Topic
|
Teacher
|
|
1
|
Basic equipments for plant pathological experimentation
|
Dr. Jyoti Jain
|
|
2
|
Isolation, inoculation and purification of plant pathogens
|
-do-
|
|
3
|
Proving Koch’s postulates
|
Dr. Sandeep Jain
|
|
3
|
Techniques to study variability in different plant pathogens
|
Dr. Asmita Sirari
|
|
4
|
Purification of enzymes, toxins and their bioassay.
|
Dr. Asmita Sirari
|
|
5
|
Estimation of growth regulators, phenols, phytoalexins in resistant and susceptible plants.
|
Dr. Asmita Sirari
|
Distribution of marks: Ist hourly exam 10
Mid term exam 25
Practical 30
End term 35
--------------------------------------------
Reference books:
1. Agrios, G. N. 2005. Plant Pathology, Acad, Press, New York, USA (5th edition)
2. Tarr, S. A. J. 1981. The Principles of Plant Pathology, McMillan, London
3. Stakman, E. C. and Harrar, J. G. 1957. Principles of Plant Pathology, Ronalk Press, USA.
4. Singh, R. S.2001.Introduction to Principles of Plant Pathology, Oxford and IBH pub. co., New Delhi (4th edition)
5. Walker, J. C., 1969. Plant Pathology, Tata Mc Grew Hill Pub. Co.
6. Mehrotra R. S. and Aggarwal A 2003. Plant Pathology. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
New Delhi. (2nd edition)
1st Semester (2022-23)
Course No. Pl. Path 507
Course Title Principles of Plant Disease Management
Credit Hours 2+1
Instructors Dr. Daljeet Singh Buttar, Dr. Amarjit Singh and Dr. Pankaj Sharma
Course Content
A. Syllabus Theory :
Unit I: Principles of plant disease management by cultural, physical, biological, chemical, organic amendments and botanicals methods of plant disease control, integrated control measures of plant diseases. Disease resistance and molecular approach for disease management.
UNIT II: History of fungicides, bactericides, antibiotics, concepts of pathogen, immobilization, chemical protection and chemotherapy, nature, properties and mode of action of antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral chemicals. Label claimof fungicides.
UNIT III: Application of chemicals on foliage, seed and soil, role of stickers, spreaders and other adjuvants, health vis-a-vis environmental hazards, residual effects and safety measures
|
Week
|
No.of lectures
|
Topic
|
|
I-II
|
4
|
History and principles of plant disease control
|
|
III-V
|
6
|
Disease control by chemicals, Historical development of fungicides and antibiotics, protectant fungicides
|
|
VI-VII
|
4
|
Systemic fungicides,Antibiotics & Miscellaneous group of fungicides
|
|
VIII-IX
|
4
|
Uptake and translocation of fungicides and their interaction with host and pathogen
|
|
X-XI
|
4
|
Mechanisms of action and development of resistance of fungicides
|
|
XII-XIII
|
4
|
Biological control of plant pathogens, Organic amendments and botanicals in disease control
|
|
XIV-XVI
|
6
|
Physical and cultural methods of plant disease control
|
|
XVII
|
2
|
Legislation and plant quarantine
|
|
XVIII-XIX
|
6
|
Breeding for disease resistance including molecular approaches
|
B. Practical : Phytopathometry. Methods of in vitro evaluation of chemicals, antibiotics, bio agents against plant pathogens. Field evaluation of chemicals, antibiotics, bio agents against plant pathogens. Soil solarisation, methods of soil fumigation under protected cultivation. Methods of application of chemicals and bio control agents. ED and MIC values, study of structural details of sprayers and dusters. Artificial epiphytotic and screening of resistance.
Schedule for practicals:
|
S No.
|
Practical
|
No. of Practical
|
|
1
|
Phytopathometry.Methods of in vitro evaluation of chemicals, antibiotics, bio agents against plant pathogens
|
3
|
|
2
|
Field evaluation of chemicals, antibiotics, bio agents against plant pathogens
|
3
|
|
3
|
Soil solarisation, methods of soil fumigation under protected cultivation
|
3
|
|
4
|
Methods of application of chemicals and bio control agents
|
3
|
|
5
|
ED and MIC values, study of structural details of sprayers and dusters.
|
2
|
|
6
|
Artificial epiphytotic and screening of resistance.
|
3
|
Reference books:
1. Fry WE. 1982. Principles of Plant Disease Management. Academic Press, New York.
2.Hewitt HG. 1998. Fungicides in Crop Protection. CABI, Wallington. Marsh RW. 1972. Systemic Fungicides. Longman, New York.
3.Nene YL & Thapliyal PN. 1993. Fungicides in Plant Disease Control. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi. Palti J. 1981. Cultural Practices and Infectious Crop Diseases. Springer Verlag, New York.
4. Vyas SC. 1993 Handbook of Systemic Fungicides. Vols. I-III. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
Year 2022-23 Semester -I
Course No: Pl. Path. 510 ( Course Content) Credit hours : 1+1
Course Title: Ecology of Soil Borne Plant Pathogens
Course Instructors: Dr. Vineet Kumar, Dr. Daljeet Butter,and Dr. Ritu Rani
A. Syllabus Theory:
UNIT I: Soil as an environment for plant pathogens, nature and importance of rhizosphere and rhizoplane,
host exudates, soil and root inhabiting fungi. Interaction of microorganisms.
UNIT II: Types of biocontrol agents. Inoculum potential and density in relation to host and soil variables, competition, predation, antibiosis and fungistasis. Conducive and suppressive soils.
UNIT III: Biological control- concepts and potentialities for managing soil borne pathogens. Potential of Trichoderma and fluorescent Pseudomonas in managing plant diseases.
Course outlines:
|
Week
|
Topic
|
|
I
|
Concept and definitions
|
|
II
|
Soil as an environment for plant pathogens
|
|
III-IV
|
Nature and importance of rhizosphere and rhizoplane, host exudates, soil and root inhabiting fungi
|
|
V
|
Interaction of microorganism
|
|
VI-VII
|
Types of biocontrol agents, inoculum potential and density in relation to host and soil variables
|
|
VIII-IX
|
Mechanisms of biological control: Competition, predation, antibiosis and fungistasis
|
|
X-XI
|
Biological control - Concepts and potentialities for managing soil borne plant pathogens
|
|
XII-XIII
|
Potential of Trichoderma and fluorescent Pseudomonas in managing plant diseases.
|
|
XIV-XV
|
Role of suppressive soils for managing soil borne plant pathogens
|
|
XVI
|
Other advancement/discussion on library assignments
|
B. Practical: Quantification of rhizosphere and rhizoplane microflora with special emphasis on pathogens; pathogenicity test by soil and root inoculation techniques, correlation between inoculum density of test pathogens and disease incidence, demonstration of fungistasis in natural soils; suppression of test soil- borne pathogens by antagonistic microorganisms. Isolation and identification of different biocontrol agents. Study of various plant morphological structures associated with resistance, testing the effect of root exudates and extracts on spore germination and growth of plant pathogens. Estimating the phenolic substances, total reducing sugars in susceptible and resistant plants. Estimating the rhizosphere and root tissue population of microorganisms (pathogens) in plants.
Schedule for Practical lecture:
|
S.
No.
|
Topic
|
Teacher(s)
|
|
1
|
Quantification of rhizosphere and rhizoplane pathogens
|
2
|
|
2
|
Pathogenicity test by soil and root inoculation techniques
|
3
|
|
3
|
Correlation between inoculum density of test pathogens and disease incidence
|
2
|
|
4
|
Demonstration of fungistasis in natural soils; suppression of test soil- borne pathogens by antagonistic microorganisms
|
2
|
|
5
|
Isolation and identification of different biocontrol agents
|
2
|
|
6
|
Study of various plant morphological structures associated with resistance, testing the effect of root exudates and extracts on spore germination and growth of plant pathogens
|
2
|
|
7
|
Estimating the phenolic substances, total reducing sugars in susceptible and resistant plants
|
2
|
|
8
|
Estimating the rhizosphere and root tissue population of microorganisms (pathogens) in plants
|
2
|
Reference books :
1.Baker KF & Snyder WC. 1965. Ecology of Soil-borne Plant Pathogens. John Wiley, New York. Cook RJ & Baker KF. 1983. The Nature and Practice of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. APS, St Paul, Minnesota.
2.Garret SD. 1970. Pathogenic Root-infecting Fungi. Cambridge Univ. Press,Cambridge, New York. Hillocks RJ & Waller JM. 1997. Soil-borne Diseases of Tropical Crops. CABI, Wallington.
3.Mondia JL and Timper P 2016. Interactions of microfungi and plant parasitic nematodes. In:Biology of Microfungi (De-Wei-Lei Ed.). Springer PublicationsParker CA, Rovira AD, Moore KJ & Wong PTN. (Eds). 1983. Ecology and Management of Soil-borne Plant Pathogens. APS, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Course No. Pl.Path.-513
Course Title: Biological Control of Plant Pathogens
Credit Hours 1+1
Instructors: Dr. Daljeet Singh Buttar and Dr. Ashlesha
- Syllabus Theory:
UNIT I: Concept of biological control, definitions, importance, principles of plant disease management with bioagents, history of biological control, merits and demerits of biological control.
UNIT II: Types of biological interactions, competition: mycoparasitism, exploitation for hypovirulence, rhizosphere colonization, competitive saprophytic ability, antibiosis, induced resistance, mycorrhizal associations, operational mechanisms and its relevance in biological control.
UNIT III: Factors governing biological control, role of physical environment, agroecosystem, operational mechanisms and cultural practices in biological control of pathogens, pathogens and antagonists and their relationship, biocontrol agents, comparative approaches to biological control of plant pathogens by resident and introduced antagonists, control of soil-borne, seed-borne and foliar diseases. Compatibility of bioagents with agrochemicals and other antagonistic microbes.
UNIT IV: Commercial production of antagonists, their delivery systems, application and monitoring, biological control in IDM, IPM and organic farming systems, biopesticides available in market. Quality control system of biocontrol agents.
Course outlines:
|
Week
|
No. of lectures
|
Topic
|
|
I-II
|
3
|
Introduction, definition and importance of biological control, historical background of biological control and its merits and demerits, Principles of Plant Disease Management with bioagents
|
|
III-V
|
3
|
Types of biological interactions, competition: mycoparasitism, exploitation for hypovirulence, rhizosphere colonization, competitive saprophytic ability, antibiosis, induced resistance
|
|
VI-VIII
|
1
|
Mycorrhizal associations, operational mechanisms and its relevance in biological control
|
|
VIII-IX
|
3
|
Factors governing biological control, role of physical environment, agroecosystem, operational mechanisms and cultural practices in biological control of pathogen, pathogens and antagonists and their relationship, biocontrol agents
|
|
X-XI
|
2
|
Comparative approaches to biological control of plant pathogens by resident and introduced antagonists
|
|
XII-XIII
|
1
|
Control of soil-borne, seed-borne and foliar diseases with biocontrol agents
|
|
XIV-XVI
|
1
|
Compatibility of bioagents with agrochemicals and other antagonistic microbes
|
|
XVII
|
2
|
Commercial production of antagonists, their delivery systems
|
|
XVIII-XIX
|
2
|
Application and monitoring, biological control in IDM, IPM and organic farming systems biopesticides available in market. Quality control system of biocontrol agents.
|
- Practical: Isolation, characterization and maintenance of antagonists, methods to study the process of antagonism and antibiosis. Bioefficacy of antagonists against pathogens in vitro and in vivo conditions. Preparation of different formulations of selected bioagents and their mass production. Quality parameters of biocontrol agents. Exposure visit(s) to commercial biocontrol agents’ production unit(s).
Schedule for practicals
|
S No.
|
Practical
|
No. of Practical
|
|
1
|
Isolation of biocontrol agents
|
2
|
|
2
|
Characterization and maintenance of antagonists
|
2
|
|
3
|
Methods to study the process of antagonism and antibiosis
|
2
|
|
4
|
Bioefficacy of antagonists against pathogens in vitro conditions
|
2
|
|
5
|
Bioefficacy of antagonists against pathogens in vivo conditions
|
2
|
|
6
|
Preparation of different formulations of selected bioagents and their mass production
|
3
|
|
7
|
Quality parameters of biocontrol agents
|
2
|
|
8
|
Exposure visit(s) to commercial biocontrol agents’ production unit(s)
|
2
|
Reference Books:
|
1.
|
Biological Control of Crop Diseases
|
SS Gnanamanickam
|
|
2.
|
The Nature and Practice of Biological Control
of Plant Pathogens
|
JR Cook and KF Baker
|
|
3.
|
Crop Diseases and their Management
|
Hriday Chaube and VS Pundhir
|
|
4.
|
Bio-control of Plant Diseases Vol I & II
|
KG Mukerji & KL Garg
|
|
5.
|
Biological control of Soil borne Plant Pathogens
|
D Hornby
|
Course outline
Course No: Pl. Path. 518
Course title: Post Harvest Diseases; Credit hours: 2+1
Detailed Lecture Schedule
|
Sr. No.
|
Topic
|
No. of lectures
|
|
|
|
1
|
Concept of post-harvest diseases, definitions, importance with reference to management and health
|
2
|
|
2
|
Principles of plant disease management as pre- harvest and post-harvest
|
4
|
|
3
|
Types of post-harvest problems both by biotic and abiotic factors
|
7
|
|
4
|
Role of physical environment, agro-ecosystem, operational mechanisms and cultural practices in perpetuation of pathogens
|
4
|
|
5
|
Role of biocontrol agents and chemicals in controlling post-harvest diseases, approaches to control plant pathogens by resident and introduced antagonists.
|
3
|
|
6
|
Approaches to control plant pathogens by resident and introduced antagonists
|
2
|
|
7
|
Integrated approaches for improving the shelf life of post-harvest products
|
3
|
|
8
|
Control of aflatoxigenic and mycotoxigenic fungi and associated health hazards.
|
2
|
|
9
|
Study of symptoms, toxicosis of various pathogens
|
4
|
|
10
|
Knowledge of Codex Alimentarious for each product and commodity
|
2
|
|
11
|
Physical and biological agents/practices responsible for development/ prevention of post-harvest diseases- traditional and improved practices
|
3
|
Recommended Books:
- Susamma Philip (2014). Management of Post-Harvest Diseases of Fruits, Vegetables and Tuber Crops. Indian Council and Agricultural and Research (ICAR) P. 480.
- Singh D, Sharma R.R., Devappa V and Kamil D (2021). Post – harvest handling and diseases of horticultural produce. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis. P.450.
- Rangaswami, G. and Mahadevan, A. (2002). Diseases of crop plants in India (4th Edition) Prentice Hall of India, Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, P.536.
- Mehrotra R.S. and Aggarwal,A.(2003). Plant Pathology (2nd Edition). Tata Mc Graw- Hill Pub. Com, Ltd., P.846.
- Pathak, V.N. (1989). Diseases of fruit crops. Oxford & IBH Pub. Comp, New Delhi, P.309.
- Singh, R.S. (1987). Diseases of vegetable crops (2nd Edition).Oxford & IBH Pub. Comp, New Delhi, P. 362.
- Singh, R.S. (2018). Diseases of fruit crops (2nd Edition).Med Tech., New Delhi, P.281.
- Gupta, S.K. and Thind,T.S, (2018). Disease problems in Vegetable Production. Scientific Publishers, India,P.586.
SCHEDULE FOR PRACTICALS
|
Sr. No.
|
Practical
|
No. of practical(s)
|
-
|
Study of different post-harvest disease symptoms on fruits
|
4
|
-
|
Study of different post-harvest disease symptoms on vegetables
|
2
|
-
|
Study of different post-harvest disease symptoms on flowers
|
1
|
-
|
Study of different post-harvest disease symptoms on cereals
|
1
|
-
|
Study of different post-harvest disease symptoms on pulses
|
1
|
-
|
Study of different post-harvest disease symptoms on oilseeds and commercial crops
|
2
|
-
|
Isolation, characterization and maintenance of post- harvest pathogens
|
2
|
-
|
Application of antagonists against pathogens under in vitro and in vivo condition.
|
2
|
-
|
Bio-efficacy of different fungicides and bioagents.
|
4
|
-
|
Visit to cold storage/ waxing units
|
1
|
Examination Weightage
1st Hourly 10%
Mid Term 25%
Practical 30%
Final 35%
Name of teachers:
1. Dr. Amarjit Singh, Principal Extension Scientist, Department of Plant Pathology, PAU, Ludhiana.
2. Dr. Anita Arora, Senior Plant Pathologist (Fruits), Department of Fruit Science, PAU, Ludhiana.
3. Dr. Amrinder Kaur, Plant Pathologist, Department of Plant Pathology, PAU, Ludhiana
Course No. Pl. Path 519 Credit Hrs: 1+0 Sem. I, 2022-23
Course Title: Plant Quarantine and Regulations Course Instructor
Course Instructor: Dr. Sandeep Jain
Syllabus Theory
UNIT I
Historical developments in plant quarantine, Definitions of pest, and transgenics as per Govt. notification; Organizational set up of plant quarantine in India. Relative importance; quarantine – domestic and international. Quarantine restrictions in the movement of agricultural produce, seeds and planting material; case histories of exotic pests/diseases and their status.
UNIT II
Acts related to registration of pesticides and transgenics. History of quarantine legislations, Salient features of PQ Order 2003. Environmental Acts, Industrial registration; APEDA, Import and Export of bio-control agents.
UNIT III
Identification of pest/disease free areas; contamination of food with toxigens, microorganisms and their elimination; Symptomatic diagnosis and other techniques to detect pest/pathogen infestations; VHT and other safer techniques of disinfestation/salvaging of infected material.
UNIT IV
WTOregulations; non-tariff barriers; Pest risk analysis, good laboratory practices for pesticide laboratories; pesticide industry; Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures. Visit to plant quarantine station and PEQ facilities.
Lecture WiseSchedule
|
S.
No.
|
Topic
|
Teacher
|
|
1
|
Historical developments in plant quarantine
|
Dr. Sandeep Jain
|
|
2
|
Definitions of pest, and transgenics as per Govt. notification Organizational set up of plant quarantine in India
|
|
3
|
Relative importance; quarantine – domestic and international
|
|
4
|
Quarantine restrictions in the movement of agricultural produce, seeds and planting material; case histories of exotic pests/diseases and their status
|
|
5
|
History of quarantine legislations, Salient features of PQ Order 2003
|
|
6
|
Acts related to registration of pesticides and transgenics, Environmental Acts, Industrial registration; APEDA
|
|
7
|
Import and Export of bio-control agents.
|
|
8
|
Identification of pest/disease free areas; contamination of food with toxigens, microorganisms and their elimination
|
|
9
|
Symptomatic diagnosis and other techniques to detect pest/pathogen infestations; VHT and other safer techniques of disinfestation/salvaging of infected material.
|
|
10
|
WTOregulations; non-tariff barriers; Pest risk analysis
|
|
11
|
Good laboratory practices for pesticide laboratories; pesticide industry; Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures.
|
|
12
|
Visit to plant quarantine station and PEQ facilities
|
Recommended Books
- Rajeev K & Mukherjee RC. 1996. Role of Plant Quarantine in IPM. Aditya Books.
- Rhower GG. 1991. Regulatory Plant Pest Management. In: Handbook of Pest Management in Agriculture. 2nd Ed. Vol. II. (Ed. David Pimental). CRC Press.
|
Examination Schedule
|
Test
|
Weightage(%)
|
|
|
Hourly
|
15
|
|
|
Mid term
|
35
|
|
|
Final
|
50
|
(External system of evaluation)
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
PAU, LUDHIANA
Pl.Path.301 Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops and their Management-I, Sem.I,2018-19 Credit Hours:2+1
Theory: Symptoms, etiology, disease cycle and management of diseases of following crops: i) Field crops: Rice- blast, brown spot, bacterial blight, sheath blight, false smut, foot rot, khaira, tungro; Maize - stalk rots, downy mildews, leaf spots; Sorghum-smuts, grain mold, anthracnose; Bajra - downy mildew, ergot; Cotton - anthracnose, vascular wilt, black arm, leaf curl; Groundnut – early and late leaf spots, wilt, collar rot, peanut bud necrosis; Soybean - Rhizoctonia blight, bacterial spot, seed and seedling rot, mosaic; Pigeonpea – Phytophthora blight, wilt, sterility mosaic; Finger millet – Blast, leaf spot; Black gram and Green gram - Cercospora leaf spot, anthracnose, web blight, yellow mosaic; Castor - Phytophthora blight; Tobacco - black shank, black root rot, mosaic. ii) Horticultural crops: Guava – wilt, anthracnose; Banana - Panama wilt, bacterial wilt, Sigatoka, bunchy top; Papaya - foot rot, leaf curl, mosaic; Pomegranate – bacterial blight; Brinjal - Phomopsis blight and fruit rot, Sclerotinia blight, little leaf, root knot nematode; Tomato - damping off, wilt, early and late blight, buck eye rot, leaf curl, mosaic; Okra – Yellow vein mosaic; Beans – anthracnose, bacterial blight; Ginger - soft rot; Turmeric - Leaf spot; Colocasia - Phytophthora blight; Coconut – wilt, bud rot; Tea - blister blight; Coffee – rust.
2. Course outlines:
|
Sr. no.
|
Topic
|
No. of lectures
|
Page of book(s)
|
|
Symptoms, etiology, disease cycle and management of diseases of
|
|
1
|
Rice- blast, brown spot, bacterial blight, sheath blight, false smut, foot rot, khaira, tungro
|
4
|
1(70-76, 314-318,478-484, 484-497,562-569, 647-649, 750-751) 2(160-187), 3 ( 406-408, 516-526,799-800 ), 4 (35-52)
|
|
2
|
Maize - stalk rots, downy mildews, leaf spots
|
2
|
1(220-226), 2(234-244),9(237-239)
|
|
3
|
Sorghum-smuts, grain mold, anthracnose; Bajra - downy mildew, ergot; Finger millet – Blast, leaf spot
|
4
|
1(418-424), 2 (210-217, 223-227), 3( 414-419), 4 (77-94); 1(207-216,309-314 ), 2 (227-229, 232-234), 3(345-349, 558-561), 4 (53-76); 2(244-248)
|
|
4
|
Cotton - anthracnose, vascular wilt, black arm, leaf curl; Groundnut – early and late leaf spots, wilt, collar rot, peanut bud necrosis
|
3
|
1 (66-70,524-528) 2(425-428,429-435), 3(485-487), 4(21-34); 1(467-475),3 (526-529)
|
|
5
|
Soybean - Rhizoctonia blight, bacterial spot, seed and seedling rot, mosaic; Pigeonpea – Phytophthora blight, wilt, sterility mosaic
|
2
|
1(551-555, 638-641); 1(188-191, 517-524, 652-654)
|
|
6
|
Black gram and Green gram - Cercospora leaf spot, anthracnose, web blight, yellow mosaic
|
1
|
1(638-641), 3(505-506,529), 4(155-253)
|
|
7
|
Castor- Phytophthora blight; Tobacco - black shank, black root rot, mosaic
|
2
|
2(346),9(186-187); 2 (439-452), 3(724-727)
|
|
8
|
Guava – wilt, anthracnose
|
1
|
7(226-229,230-233),8(42,43-44), 9(227,229)
|
|
9
|
Banana - Panama wilt, bacterial wilt, Sigatoka, bunchy top
|
2
|
1(541-545, 649-652), 3(488-490), 7(171-179,183-190), 8(2-3,6-8)
|
|
10
|
Papaya - foot rot, leaf curl, mosaic; Pomegranate – bacterial blight
|
2
|
1(171-173,635—636), 3(734-735),7(237-238,243-247),8(50-51); 7(275),8(53)
|
|
11
|
Brinjal - Phomopsis blight and fruit rot, Sclerotinia blight, little leaf, root knot nematode
|
2
|
1(703-718), 2(312-315),6 (119-129),8(111-112,113-114), 10(389--398,404-406)
|
|
12
|
Tomato - damping off, wilt, early and late blight, buck eye rot, leaf curl, mosaic
|
2
|
1(91-96,162-169,534-541,625-630),6(80-95,101-102, 107-112),8(96-106),10(62-80,84-90,94-107)
|
|
13
|
Okra – Yellow vein mosaic; Beans – anthracnose, bacterial blight
|
1
|
1(630-632) ,6(305-306),8(119-120),10(455-458); 1(512-517),6(231-236,248-251),8(130-131,134-135), 10 (292-297)
|
|
14
|
Ginger - soft rot; Turmeric- leaf spots, Colocasia - Phytophthora blight
|
2
|
6(335-337),10(499-504); 2(453-455), 3(506-507)8(326-327) ;6(333-335),10(437-442)
|
|
15
|
Coconut – wilt, bud rot,
|
1
|
3(332-333), 9(187-188,242)
|
|
16
|
Coffee – rust, Tea - blister blight
|
1
|
1(388-390) ,8(359-360),9(221); 2(465-466),8(354-355)
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Recommended Books:
- Singh, R.S.( 2018 ) Plant Diseases (10th edition). Oxford & IBH Pub. New Delhi, P.821.
- Rangaswami, G. and Mahadevan, A.( 2002). Diseases of crop plants in India (4th Edition) Prentice Hall of India, Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, P.536.
- Mehrotra R.S. and Aggarwal,A.(2003). Plant Pathology (2nd Edition). Tata Mc Graw- Hill Pub. Com, Ltd., P.846.
- Thind T.S. (2005). Diseases of Field crops and their management (2nd Edition).Daya Publishing House, New Delhi, P.471.
- Pathak, V.N.( 1989). Diseases of fruit crops. Oxford & IBH Pub. Comp, New Delhi, P.309.
- Singh, R.S. (1987). Diseases of vegetable crops (2nd Edition).Oxford & IBH Pub. Comp, New Delhi, P. 362.
- Singh, R.S. (2018). Diseases of fruit crops(2nd Edition).MedTech., New Delhi, P.281
- Arjunan.G.,Karthikeyan,G.,Dinakaran,D.and Raguchander, T. (1999).Diseases of Horticultural Crops, Deptt of Plant Pathology, TNAU,Coimbatore, P.399.
- Pathak, V.N., Khatri, N.K. and Pathak,M.(2009). Fundamentals of Plant Pathology. Agrobios India, P.322.
- Gupta, S.K. and Thind,T.S, (2018). Disease problems in Vegetable Production. Scientific Publishers, India,P.586.
Practicals: Identification and histopathological studies of selected diseases of field and horticultural crops covered in theory. Field visits for the diagnosis of field problems. Collection and preservation of plant diseased specimens for herbarium.
SCHEDULE FOR PRACTICALS
|
Sr. No.
|
Practical
|
No. of Practical
|
Place
|
|
1
|
General symptoms of Plant Diseases
|
1
|
UG lab/Experimental area of Department of Plant Pathology
|
|
2
|
Diseases of rice
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
3
|
Diseases of maize
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
4
|
Diseases of sorghum, bajra & finger millet
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
5
|
Diseases of cotton & groundnut
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
6
|
Diseases of soybean & pigeonpea
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
7
|
Diseases of black gram & green gram
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
8
|
Diseases of castor & tobacco
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
9
|
Diseases of guava
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
10
|
Diseases of banana
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
11
|
Diseases of papaya & pomegranate
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
12
|
Diseases of brinjal
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
13
|
Diseases of tomato
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
14
|
Diseases of okra
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
15
|
Diseases of ginger, turmeric & colocasia
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
16
|
Diseases of coconut
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
17
|
Diseases of coffee & tea
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
|
Total
|
17
|
- do-
|
Examination Weightage
1st Hourly 10%
Mid Term 25%
Practical 30%
Final 35%
Name of teachers:
Section A: Dr. Vineet Kumar &Dr. Shikha Sharma
Section B: Dr. Upasana Rani & Dr. Gurbir Kaur
Section C: Dr. Anita Arora & Dr. Anju Bala
Course outline/ schedule; Sem. II, 2018-19
Course No: Pl.Path.302
Course title: Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops and their Management-II; Credit hours: 2+1
Course objectives:
- To acquaint the students with the diagnostic symptoms, etiology, disease cycle and integrated management of economically important diseases of field and horticultural crops
Why this course??
As different plant pathogens attack and cause diseases of field and horticultural crops that adversely affect plant growth resulting in significant qualitative as well as quantitative losses. Therefore the students must have a thorough understanding of different aspects of a disease for its accurate diagnosis and effective management.
How students will be better equipped after this course is over?
After studying this course, the students will understand the importance of plant diseases & able to identify different diseases of field and horticultural crops and suggest appropriate management strategies to the farmers so that the huge economic losses inflicted by plant pathogens are curtailed.
Detailed Lecture Schedule
|
Sr. No.
|
Topic
|
No. of lectures
|
|
Symptoms, etiology, disease cycle and management of diseases of :
|
|
1
|
Wheat - rusts, smuts, bunts, powdery mildew, Alternaria blight, ear cockle ; Barley – smuts, stripe disease
|
4
|
|
2
|
Sugarcane - red rot, smut, wilt, grassy shoot, ratoon stunting, Pokkah boeng
|
3
|
|
3
|
Sunflower - Sclerotinia stem rot, Alternaria blight; Mustard - Alternaria blight, white rust, downy mildew, Sclerotinia stem rot
|
3
|
|
4
|
Gram - wilt, grey mould, Ascochyta blight; Lentil – rust, wilt; Pea - downy mildew, powdery mildew, rust
|
3
|
|
5
|
Berseem- stem rot
|
1
|
|
6
|
Mango - anthracnose, malformation, bacterial blight, powdery mildew, black tip
|
2
|
|
7
|
Citrus - gummosis, scab, die back, canker, greening
|
2
|
|
8
|
Grape vine - downy mildew, powdery mildew, anthracnose
|
1
|
|
9
|
Apple - scab, powdery mildew, fire blight
|
2
|
|
10
|
Peach - leaf curl, crown gall; Strawberry - leaf spot
|
1
|
|
11
|
Potato - early & late blight, black scurf, common scab, leaf roll, mosaic
|
3
|
|
12
|
Cruciferous vegetables- Alternaria leaf spot, Black rot
|
1
|
|
13
|
Cucurbits - downy mildew, powdery mildew, wilt, mosaic
|
2
|
|
14
|
Onion and garlic - purple blotch, Stemphylium blight, downy mildew
|
1
|
|
15
|
Chillies - anthracnose and fruit rot, wilt, leaf curl
|
1
|
|
16
|
Coriander - stem gall
|
1
|
|
17
|
Marigold- Botrytis blight; Rose - dieback, powdery mildew, black leaf spot; Gladiolus - Botrytis blight
|
2
|
Recommended Books:
- Singh, R.S.( 2018 ) Plant Diseases (10th edition). Oxford & IBH Pub. New Delhi, P.821.
- Rangaswami, G. and Mahadevan, A.( 2002). Diseases of crop plants in India (4th Edition) Prentice Hall of India, Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, P.536.
- Mehrotra R.S. and Aggarwal,A.(2003). Plant Pathology (2nd Edition). Tata Mc Graw- Hill Pub. Com, Ltd., P.846.
- Pathak, V.N.( 1989). Diseases of fruit crops. Oxford & IBH Pub. Comp, New Delhi, P.309.
- Singh, R.S. (1987). Diseases of vegetable crops (2nd Edition).Oxford & IBH Pub. Comp, New Delhi, P. 362.
- Singh, R.S. (2018). Diseases of fruit crops(2nd Edition).MedTech., New Delhi, P.281
- Gupta, S.K. and Thind,T.S, (2018). Disease problems in Vegetable Production. Scientific Publishers, India,P.586.
Practicals: Identification and histopathological studies of selected diseases of field and horticultural crops covered in theory. Field visits for the diagnosis of field problems. Collection and preservation of plant diseased specimens for herbarium.
SCHEDULE FOR PRACTICALS
|
Sr. No.
|
Practical
|
No. of practical(s)
|
Place
|
-
|
Diseases of wheat and barley
|
2
|
UG lab/Field area of Department of Plant Pathology
|
-
|
Diseases of sugarcane
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of sunflower and mustard
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of gram, lentil and peas
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of berseem
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of mango
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of citrus
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of grapevine
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of apple
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of peach and strawberry
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of potato
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of cruciferous vegetables
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of cucurbits
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of onion and garlic
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of chillies and coriander
|
1
|
- do-
|
-
|
Diseases of marigold, rose and gladiolus
|
1
|
- do-
|
|
|
Total
|
17
|
- do-
|
Examination Weightage
1st Hourly 10%
Mid Term 25%
Practical 30%
Final 35%
Name of teachers:
Section A: Dr. Vineet Kumar &Dr. Shikha Sharma
Section B: Dr. Upasana Rani & Dr. Pankaj Kumar
Section C: Dr. Anita Arora & Dr. Anju Bala |
